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1 A. a ms. AUTOMAHC GAS ANALYSIS APPARATUS.

APPLXCATION FELED 110V. 17, i917 Patented July 15, 1919.

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AUTUMA'HC GAS ANALYS'S APPARATUS.

Patented July 15, 1919.-

2 SHEETSSHEET 2 APPLFCAHON FILED NOV. 17; 1937-- ififi fi 1 a smut JNS' HUG DST FRuES STATES PATENT -FGE.

cons AUGUST rams, or STATE COLLEGE, PENNSYLVANIA.-

AU'IYOMATIC GAS-ANALYSIS APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters' Patent. Patented J u1y 15, 1919.

Application filed November 17,1917. Serial N o. 202,462.

' To all whom it may concern:

Be itknown that 1, Jews AUGUST frame,

1 where the percentagesof the gases in ques- I tio are not very high, but where greater accuracy is'required than is usual with apparatus intended chiefly for flue gases, but may also be used for the latter purpose.

In my apparatus the gas sample is taken and displaced by means of mercury and hence the gas mixture to be analyzed does not need to be saturated, but may be eitherin normal moisture condition, or dry, which is not possible where other displacing medium than mercury 'is used.

The principles involved in the use of my invention are the ones usually applied to this class of gas analyses, namely, sampling by means of displacement by a suitable liquid or piston, absorption of the gas in question by contact withan absorbing substance either solid or in. solution, and the volume of the gas thus absorbed measured or in some way its volume is indicated.

- My invention comprises simple and novel means for obtaining a predetermined volume of any gas mixture for analysis, an absorber system, means for forwarding the gas sample through the absorber, and means for indicating in percent the volume of gas removed from the sample. No automatic recording device is used on the apparatus when the greatest accuracy is desired, but a suitable self-recordin device may be attached to the apparatus at the discharge end and may be used alone or together with the indicating manometer.

The characteristic features of my inven tion are set forth in the accompanying j drawings.

Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation 'of the mechanisrn usedfor taking a fixed volmixture to be analyzed and 111116 of the s.

for moving and measuring this sample during the determination of the particular gas in question until the residue of gases is again expelled.

Fig. 2 shows relativepositions, end view, of two cams on the same shaft.

Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section of mercury valve 19 showing air channels.

' Fig. 4 is a horizontal cross section of the mercury valve 19 Fig. illustrates a recording apparatus for'automatically registering a varying car-.-

bon dioxicl content. i.-.

XFig. 6 is a sectional view ofv Fig. 5 on 'line In Fig. 1, l and 1 are two measuring bulbs of like volume and of similar shape,

.1 measuring the gas sample before and I at the end of the determination. These bulbs connect by ducts 2 and 2 with two iron cylinders, or wells 3 and 3 holding mercury. These wells are of like diameter and volume,

and are finished smooth on the inside. 4 and 4*" are cylinder heads which arefastened on securely and serve as guides for the pis-' ton rods. 5 and 5 are two'loose fitting pistons, or plungers, which are rigidly fastened.

to the rods 6 and 6. This rigid arrangement of the rods and the guide of the cylinder heads makes it possible to operate the pistons in the mercury 7 and 7 without any difficulty. 8 and 8 are two piston rod joints which connect the. pistons 5- and 5 to therigid beam 9 at predetermined points 10 and 10 equidistant from the fulcrum 11.

'. 12 is 'the post'supporting the beams, and 13 is the end post. 14 is a cross piece connecting 12 and 13 and serving as a hanger or hearing for the shaft'15.- On 15 isa cam 16,-

of predetermined. shape and size, which 0perates on the beam 9. This cam is so constructed that it gives intermittent .up and down motions to the beam. This is brought about by having on the cam the two opposite quarters of its periphery true circular seg ments of different radius, so that while these sections are in contact with the beam it remains stationary. In order to move the pis-' tons u I and down by one cam, a second beam 17 is oined by joint-18 to beam 9 in such manner that the two beams always remain in tough with the cantand parallel to. other, and the cam 16- fihus operates o the upper side of onev and onthffimder s de ofthe other beam This 1gp enddown movementor the pistons the memory to 30 which serve as guides for the plunger rods; as the beam 27 extends considerably beyond the cam, its preponderant weight overcomes the resistance of the mercury to the plungers and holds the beam against the cam. a

The absorbing system consists (when car- 'bon dioxid is the gas to be determined) (if two glass-stoppered 'U-tubes 31 and 32, the first being filled with granulated soda-lime, and the other with small sized pumice-stone saturated with sulfuric acid The measur: ing bulb 1 and the absorption tubes communicate as indicated by the connection tubes with each other and with a specially constructed. manometer 33. The manometer may have colored water or some mobile oil as an indicator. The end of the liquid column is read off on the scale 34, the .diiier- ,ence in length of the column giving the per I cent. of gas absorbed. The manometer tube in opposite directions which is connectedto a reservoir 35 is of small bore, about one-eighth of an inch, and is placed in a nearly horizontal position. To safeguard blowing out the liquid by sudden changes of pressure, the ends are bent and made long enough for the water column to exceed the mercury resistance in the valves. Theexcess of gas pressure will be relieved through the mercury valves, instead of through the manometer.

The whole apparatus is operated'through shaft 15, and .any power may be used which can give tothe shaft the desired slow and steady motion. A small electric motor (not shown), with worm gear reducing the speed,

= is a most desirable source of power. By attaching a crank to the shaft 15 the apparatus can also be operated by hand. \Vhen the mechanism is in continuous operation the manometer readings must. be taken quickly at the proper moment, but the apparatus may also be started and stopped for each determination. r

The mode of operating the apparatus is as follows: By any convenient method the gas mixture to be analyzed is brought in close" proximity to the apparatus so as to avoid: long connections, and the portion to be measured out for analysis is purified, dried, or preparedin any way desired before enterin the apparatus. A drying tower with neepumice-stone andgsulfu'ric acid, not shown on the drawings, is used when gas is to be freed from moisture. Fig.

1 shows the apparatus in position readyto take a sample of gas for analysis. Piston 5 is down, the bulb 1 is full of mercury and bulb -1 contains a previous sample already analyzed and ready to be discharged. The

mercury valves have been shifted so that the inlet and outlet channels 21 and 24'are open. When the rotation of the cam 16 causes the beam to lift piston 5 the gas sample enters bulb I at the same time the old sample-is being' discharged from the bulb 1*. When.

the beam has reached its full stroke it remains stationary for a period, during which time the mercury valves are reversed by the action of'the cam 29, closing the inlet and outlet tubes and opening the communication.

between the two bulbs 1 and 1 and'absor'ption apparatus. As the beam 9 reverses its stroke the sample is driven through the absorption tubes into bulb l As the beam 9 reaches its full stroke and becomes stationary the liquid in the manometer will indicate the amount of gas removed by absorption. The mercury valves are again reversed, and thus one complete revolution of.

the cams brings the apparatus to its starting and'6, and consists of a circular tube 37 which has one air-tight cross-partition, and Y which issupported in a frame 38 where it rotates freely on its shaft 39. On the upper edge of this circular tube is secured a pointer 40 which carries at its upper end at right angles to its axis a. sharp' point 41, as shown in Fig. 6, for puncturing the record paper 42. Through a slot in the circular tube 37 is introduced a tube 44.- which is firmly fastened to aframe supporting it, and, is so spaced that it does not touch the sides of the tube 37 surrounding it. This tube at its. end connects with, as indicated in Fig. 1, the manometer-tube; its connecting pipe may be controlled by a pinch-cock or stopcock so that the recorder may be used. simultaneously, or independently when the highest degree of accuracy is'desired. The tube 37 rests in a vessel which is filled with a liquid to a point below the shaft 39. The pointer 40 is driven into. the slowly moving record paper by means of a long, bent tapper 45v which hasa shape corresponding v to the are described by the ointer, and is ,hinged at a point 46. To give this tapper a striking motioma tripper 47 pulls it away' from the point and on release, the

point is driven into the paper. The tripper arm is extended to engage the shaft 15,

Fig. 1, so as to be operated at the proper moment to make the record. The record paper is pulled between rollers 48 and 49, and passes over rollers 50, 51, being guided in a slot to hold it true near the recording point. The power for operating the rollers is furnished by clockwork, as indicated at 52.

The sensitiveness of the recorder results from the carefully balanced circular tube 37,

which can rock back and forth a definite arc,

free from friction or torsional strain; thus any change of gas pressure in the manomcter pipe will cause the circular tube to change position, and leave a permanent record. The ,pointer normally is in a vertical position, but a change of pressure in the, manometer tubes would effect a movement of thepointer to the right or left with an increase or decrease of gas pressure.

Having thus described my invention, ,what I claim is: a if. A gas analysis apparatus comprising a air of similar capacity gas measuring bu bs, two mercury valves connecting with each, a pump for establishing communication. and leading a gas through the apparatus at determinate intervals,,a chamber for an absorbent of a desired gas constituent,

and an indicator of the amount of gas absorbed.

2. A gas analysis apparatus comprising a pair of similar capaclty measuring bulbs,

two mercury valves in train therewith each having lngomg and outgoing gas channels, a pump to open and close communication of gas with the bulbs and the external air or gas at definite intervals, an absorbing vesse l for a deslred gas constituent, and an indicator of the amount of gas absorption.

pair of mercury valves with-ducts controlling movement of gas between the bulbs and each other, a mercury pump for filling one bulb with gas and simultaneously expelling .gas from the other, means for absorbing a desired constituent of the gas, and a percentage indicator of the absorbed constitu- 5. A as analysis apparatus comprising a pair 0 similar capacity measuring bulbs, a mercury pump containing a pair of cylinders andpistons for moving a gassample, parallel motion beams to actuate at intervals the pistons, mercury valves establishing communication with the bulbs, and a power-driven cam havin a dwell in its contour to effect periods 0t rest in gas movement. 6. A' gas analysis apparatus comprising a pair of similar capacity gas measuring I bulbs, a container for gas absorbing and dessicating materials in granulated form to ofier no resistance to gas movement and for drying the resldual gas, and means for ndicating changes of pressure due to-absorption.

JGNS AUGUST FRIES. 

